Discount for SSC CGL - Complete Guide | Marked Price, Successive Discount Tricks in Hindi

📌 Series Info: Chapter 2: Arithmetic
Post Number: 16/76 | Topic: 2.4 Discount
Previous: 2.3 Profit & Loss ✅
Chapter 2 Progress: 4/20 topics

Introduction: Discount Kya Hai?

Namaste dosto! Aaj ham Discount (छूट) padhenge. Ye topic Profit & Loss ka extension hai aur SSC CGL me 2-3 questions guaranteed aate hain.

Basic Understanding

🔹 Discount = छूट = Marked Price se kitni reduction
🔹 Marked Price (MP) = अंकित मूल्य = Tag pe likha price
🔹 Selling Price (SP) = विक्रय मूल्य = Customer jo pay karta hai
🔹 Discount = MP - SP

Real-life Example:
Ek shirt ka tag price (MP) = ₹1000
Sale me 20% discount
Discount amount = ₹200
Customer pays (SP) = ₹800 ✓

🎯 Exam Importance: SSC CGL me discount questions:

Single discount calculations
Successive/Multiple discounts (बहुत important!)
Profit after giving discount
Markup + Discount combinations
Cash discount vs trade discount
Finding MP when SP and discount given

Discount - Basic Formulas MUST KNOW

Formula 1: Discount Amount

⭐ Discount = MP - SP ⭐
⭐ Discount = MP × (Discount%/100) ⭐

Example:
MP = ₹500, Discount = 15%
Discount amount = 500 × (15/100) = ₹75
SP = 500 - 75 = ₹425 ✓

Formula 2: Selling Price After Discount

⭐ SP = MP - Discount ⭐
⭐ SP = MP × [(100 - Discount%)/100] ⭐
⭐ SP = MP × [1 - (D%/100)] ⭐

Example:
MP = ₹800, Discount = 25%
SP = 800 × [(100 - 25)/100]
SP = 800 × 0.75 = ₹600 ✓

Formula 3: Discount Percentage

⭐ Discount% = [(MP - SP)/MP] × 100 ⭐
⭐ Discount% = (Discount/MP) × 100 ⭐

Example:
MP = ₹1200, SP = ₹960
Discount = 1200 - 960 = ₹240
Discount% = (240/1200) × 100 = 20% ✓

Formula 4: Marked Price Nikalna

Jab SP aur Discount% diya ho:
MP = [SP × 100]/(100 - Discount%)

Example:
SP = ₹720, Discount = 10%
MP = (720 × 100)/(100 - 10)
MP = 72000/90 = ₹800 ✓

Markup (मार्कअप) - Important Concept

🔹 Markup = CP se kitna % upar MP rakha
Markup% = [(MP - CP)/CP] × 100

Example:
Shopkeeper ne article ₹500 me khareeda (CP)
MP ₹750 rakha
Markup = 750 - 500 = ₹250
Markup% = (250/500) × 100 = 50% ✓

Markup aur Discount Relation

Important Chain:
CP → (Markup) → MP → (Discount) → SP

Shopkeeper strategy:
1. CP se upar MP mark karta hai (Markup)
2. MP pe discount deta hai
3. Final SP pe bhi profit chahiye!

Complete Example:
CP = ₹400
Markup = 50% (MP = 400 × 1.5 = ₹600)
Discount = 20% (SP = 600 × 0.8 = ₹480)

Check Profit:
Profit = SP - CP = 480 - 400 = ₹80
Profit% = (80/400) × 100 = 20% ✓

Discount ke baad bhi 20% profit!

Successive Discounts (क्रमागत छूट) HIGH WEIGHTAGE

Key Concept:
Do ya zyada discounts ek ke baad ek
Important: Successive discounts ko simply add NAHI kar sakte!

Formula: Two Successive Discounts

⭐ Agar x% aur y% successive discounts hain:
Single Equivalent Discount = x + y - (xy/100) ⭐

Example 1:
MP = ₹1000 pe pehle 20% discount, phir 10% discount

Method 1 (Formula):
Equivalent Discount = 20 + 10 - (20×10)/100
= 30 - 2 = 28%
SP = 1000 × 0.72 = ₹720 ✓

Method 2 (Step-by-step):
After 1st discount (20%): 1000 × 0.8 = ₹800
After 2nd discount (10%): 800 × 0.9 = ₹720 ✓

Example 2:
Successive discounts 25% aur 20%. Equivalent discount?

= 25 + 20 - (25×20)/100
= 45 - 5
= 40% ✓

Note: Simple addition = 45%, but actual = 40%!

Three Successive Discounts

Method: Pehle do discounts combine karo, phir teesra add karo

Example:
Teen successive discounts: 10%, 20%, 30%

Step 1: 10% aur 20% combine
= 10 + 20 - (10×20)/100 = 28%

Step 2: 28% aur 30% combine
= 28 + 30 - (28×30)/100
= 58 - 8.4 = 49.6% ✓

Profit After Giving Discount

Complete Chain:
CP → MP (markup) → SP (after discount) → Profit calculation

Example 1:
CP = ₹500, MP = ₹800, Discount = 20%. Profit% kya hai?

Step 1: SP nikalo
SP = 800 × 0.8 = ₹640

Step 2: Profit calculate karo
Profit = SP - CP = 640 - 500 = ₹140

Step 3: Profit%
Profit% = (140/500) × 100 = 28% ✓

Example 2:
Shopkeeper CP se 60% upar MP mark karta hai. 25% discount deta hai. Profit% kya hai?

Let CP = ₹100
MP = 100 × 1.6 = ₹160
SP = 160 × 0.75 = ₹120
Profit = 120 - 100 = ₹20
Profit% = 20% ✓

Reverse Problems (Tricky Questions)

Type 1: MP Find Karna

Example:
CP = ₹400, desired profit = 20%, discount = 25%. MP kya rakhe?

Step 1: Required SP (for 20% profit)
SP = 400 × 1.2 = ₹480

Step 2: MP nikalo (jo 25% discount ke baad SP = 480 de)
MP = SP/(1 - D%)
MP = 480/0.75 = ₹640 ✓

Verification:
MP = 640, Discount 25% = SP = 480 = 20% profit on CP ✓

Type 2: Required Discount Find Karna

Example:
CP = ₹300, MP = ₹500, desired profit = 25%. Kitna % discount de?

Step 1: Required SP
SP = 300 × 1.25 = ₹375

Step 2: Discount%
Discount% = [(MP - SP)/MP] × 100
= [(500 - 375)/500] × 100
= (125/500) × 100 = 25% ✓

Special Discount Tricks

Trick 1: Common Successive Discounts (याद कर लो!)

Commonly Asked:
10% + 10% = 19%
10% + 20% = 28%
20% + 20% = 36%
25% + 25% = 43.75%
30% + 30% = 51%
20% + 10% = 28%
15% + 15% = 27.75%

Trick 2: MP from CP and Profit% after Discount

Agar CP se x% markup aur y% discount pe z% profit chahiye:
Check: (100 + x)(100 - y)/100 = 100 + z

Example:
40% markup, 20% discount. Net profit%?
= (140 × 80)/100 - 100
= 112 - 100 = 12% profit ✓

SSC CGL Level Practice Questions

Q1. MP ₹1500 pe 30% discount. SP kya hoga?
(A) ₹1000
(B) ₹1050
(C) ₹1100
(D) ₹1150

Answer: (B) ₹1050
Solution:
SP = 1500 × 0.7 = ₹1050 ✓

Q2. Successive discounts 20% aur 15%. Single equivalent discount?
(A) 30%
(B) 32%
(C) 35%
(D) 38%

Answer: (B) 32%
Solution:
= 20 + 15 - (20×15)/100
= 35 - 3 = 32% ✓

Q3. CP = ₹600, MP = ₹900, Discount = 20%. Profit% kya hai?
(A) 15%
(B) 18%
(C) 20%
(D) 25%

Answer: (C) 20%
Solution:
SP = 900 × 0.8 = ₹720
Profit = 720 - 600 = ₹120
Profit% = (120/600) × 100 = 20% ✓

Q4. SP = ₹680, Discount = 15%. MP kya thi?
(A) ₹750
(B) ₹780
(C) ₹800
(D) ₹850

Answer: (C) ₹800
Solution:
MP = (680 × 100)/(100 - 15)
MP = 68000/85 = ₹800 ✓

Q5. Shopkeeper CP se 50% upar MP mark karta hai aur 20% discount deta hai. Profit%?
(A) 18%
(B) 20%
(C) 24%
(D) 30%

Answer: (B) 20%
Solution:
Let CP = 100
MP = 150 (50% markup)
SP = 150 × 0.8 = 120
Profit = 20, Profit% = 20% ✓

Exam Shortcuts & Quick Tricks

🚀 Trick 1: 10% Discount Quick
10% discount = Simply multiply by 0.9
Example: ₹500 pe 10% discount = 500 × 0.9 = ₹450

🚀 Trick 2: 20% Discount
20% discount = Multiply by 0.8 (or 4/5)
Example: ₹1000 pe 20% = 1000 × 4/5 = ₹800

🚀 Trick 3: 25% Discount
25% = 1/4, so 75% remains
Multiply by 3/4 directly
Example: ₹800 pe 25% = 800 × 3/4 = ₹600

🚀 Trick 4: Successive Discount Mental Math
Two equal discounts x% + x%:
Equivalent = 2x - (x²/100)
Example: 20% + 20% = 40 - 4 = 36%

Common Mistakes (ये गलतियां मत करना)

❌ Mistake 1: Successive discounts simply add करना
Wrong: 20% + 10% = 30% ✗
Right: Formula use करो = 28% ✓

❌ Mistake 2: Discount% का base CP मानना
Wrong: Discount is on CP ✗
Right: Discount हमेशा MP पर होता है ✓

❌ Mistake 3: Markup और Discount confuse करना
Markup = CP से MP तक (increase)
Discount = MP से SP तक (decrease)

❌ Mistake 4: Profit% calculation में base galat
Profit% हमेशा CP पर calculate होता है, MP पर नहीं!

Homework Practice (खुद Try करो)

MP = ₹2400 पे 35% discount. SP निकालो
Successive discounts 25% और 16%. Single equivalent?
CP = ₹800, 50% markup, 25% discount. Final profit% क्या है?
SP = ₹850, Discount = 15%. Original MP क्या थी?
Teen successive discounts 10%, 15%, 20%. Total equivalent discount?

Next Topic Preview

📚 अगले Post में: 2.5 Simple Interest (साधारण ब्याज)
SI formulas, principal-interest calculations, time-rate problems और SSC level questions!

Banking और finance से related important topic!

Conclusion

Discount SSC CGL में direct questions के साथ-साथ profit-loss problems में भी use होता है। Successive discount का formula याद कर लो - हर exam में काम आएगा। Markup + Discount combination वाले questions practice करो!

Practice Strategy: Daily 15-20 discount problems solve करो। MP, CP, SP के relationships clear रखो। Successive discounts के common values याद कर लो instant calculation के लिए!

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