Chapter 1: Introduction to Sentences & Parts of Speech

Is chapter ka maksad hai ki aapko yeh pata chale ki English ka har sentence kin cheezon se bana hai. Chalo, ekdum basics se shuru karte hain.

1. Sentence Kya Hota Hai? (What is a Sentence?)

Definition: Ek sentence words ka woh group hai jo complete sense (poora matlab) deta hai. Ismein ek Subject aur ek Verb hona zaroori hai.

Sentences ke Types (Based on Function)

Sentences chaar tarah ke hote hain:

• Assertive/Declarative (Seedhi Baat): Simple statement. (e.g., Woh bahar ja raha hai.)
• Interrogative (Sawaliya): Question poochhna. (e.g., Tum kya kar rahe ho?)
• Imperative (Aadesh/Salah): Command, request, ya advice dena. (e.g., Yahan aao.)
• Exclamatory (Hairani/Jazbaat): Strong feeling dikhana. (e.g., Wow, kitna sundar hai!)

2. Sentence ke Main Parts (Subject and Predicate)

Har sentence ke do main parts hote hain:

Part	Matlab (Hinglish)	Example
Subject	Woh karta ya jiske baare mein baat ho rahi hai. (Usually Noun ya Pronoun)	My brother performs well.
Predicate	Woh action ya baaki ki saari information jo subject ke baare mein hai.	My brother performs well.

3. The 8 Parts of Speech (Words ki Pehchaan) 🔍

English mein har word ka ek role hota hai. In roles ko Parts of Speech kehte hain. Yeh 8 hote hain:

A. Noun (Naam/Sangya)

• Role: Kisi person, place, thing, ya idea ka naam.
• Example: Ravi, Delhi, pen, happiness.
• Book Focus: Chapter 2 mein iski details aayengi.

B. Pronoun (Sarvanaam)

• Role: Woh word jo Noun ki jagah use hota hai, taaki baar-baar naam na lena pade.
• Example: He, she, it, they, we. (Ravi is playing. → He is playing.)

C. Verb (Kriya)

• Role: Action ya state of being (hone ki avastha) batana.
• Example: Run, eat, is, have. (She sings a song.)

D. Adjective (Visheshan)

• Role: Noun ya Pronoun ko describe karna ya uske baare mein extra information dena.
• Example: Beautiful (sundar), tall (lamba), happy. (That is a big house.)

E. Adverb (Kriya Visheshan)

• Role: Verb, Adjective, ya doosre Adverb ko modify karna. Aksar 'ly' par khatam hota hai.
• Example: Slowly, very, quickly. (He walks slowly. — Verb 'walks' ko describe kar raha hai.)

F. Preposition (Sambandh-soochak)

• Role: Noun/Pronoun ka sambandh (relationship) doosre words se batana (mostly time ya place).
• Example: In, on, at, under, with. (The book is on the table.)

G. Conjunction (Sanyojak)

• Role: Words, phrases, ya clauses ko jodna.
• Example: And, but, or, because. (I like tea and coffee.)

H. Interjection (Vismay-aadi-bodhak)

• Role: Sudden feeling ya emotion express karna.
• Example: Wow!, Ouch!, Hurray!. (Wow! That was amazing.)