Chapter 2: Nouns & Articles
1. Noun (Sangya) – Detail Mein
Jaise humne Chapter 1 mein dekha, Noun kisi bhi vyakti (person), jagah (place), vastu (thing), ya vichar (idea) ka naam hota hai.
A. Noun Ke Mukhya Prakar (Main Types of Noun)
| Type | Matlab (Hinglish) | Example (Hinglish) | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Proper Noun | Kisi khaas vyakti, jagah, ya vastu ka naam. (Hamesha Capital Letter se shuru hota hai). | Rohan, India, Friday. | Rohan is going to Delhi. |
| 2. Common Noun | Kisi aam vyakti, jagah, ya vastu ka naam (Jo kisi bhi group ke liye use ho sakta hai). | Boy, city, day. | The boy lives in a city. |
| 3. Collective Noun | Logon ya cheezon ke group ko diya gaya naam. | Team, family, bunch, crowd. | The team is playing well. |
| 4. Abstract Noun | Aisi cheezein jinhe dekha ya chhua nahi ja sakta (feelings, ideas, qualities). | Happiness, freedom, truth. | Truth is the best policy. |
| 5. Material/Concrete Noun | Cheezein jinhe dekha ya chhua ja sakta hai (physical presence ho). | Water, table, gold. | This ring is made of gold. |
B. Noun Ka Ginti (Number)
Nouns ko do tarah se dekha jaata hai:
- Countable Nouns: Jinhe gina ja sakta hai (e.g., three books, two cars).
- Uncountable Nouns: Jinhe gina nahi ja sakta (hamesha singular use hote hain) (e.g., water, rice, furniture, advice).
Note: "Much" uncountable ke saath aur "Many" countable ke saath use hota hai.
2. Articles (A, An, The) – Detail Mein 🎯
Articles woh words hain jo Noun se pehle aakar batate hain ki woh Noun specific hai ya general. Articles do tarah ke hote hain:
A. Indefinite Articles (A & An)
Yeh general (aam), non-specific Nouns ke liye use hote hain (jab baat kisi ek cheez ki ho, koi khaas cheez nahi).
| Article | Use Kab Karein? | Example (Hinglish) |
|---|---|---|
| A | Jab Noun ki shuruaat consonant sound (vyanjan dhwani) se ho. | A book, A university (Sound: 'Y'ooniversity). |
| An | Jab Noun ki shuruaat vowel sound (swar dhwani) se ho (A, E, I, O, U ki aawaz). | An apple, An hour (Sound: 'A'ur). |
B. Definite Article (The)
Yeh specific (khaas) Nouns ke liye use hota hai (jab bolne wala aur sunne wala, dono ko pata ho ki kis cheez ki baat ho rahi hai).
| Use Case | Example (Hinglish) | Why 'The'? |
|---|---|---|
| Unique Cheezein | The sun, The moon, The Eiffel Tower. | Duniya mein sirf ek hi hai. |
| Pehle Mentioned Noun | Mere paas a dog hai. The dog is black. | Dusri baar, ab dog khaas ho gaya. |
| Superlatives | The best place, The tallest building. | Best/Tallest sirf ek hi ho sakta hai. |
| Groups/River/Mountains | The Ganges, The Himalayas. | Proper Nouns ke khaas groups ke liye. |
🔑 Chapter 2 Takeaway
Nouns English ke main actors hain. Articles A, An unko general banaate hain, jabki The unko specific. Noun aur Article ko sahi se use karne se aapki sentences ki shuddhta (accuracy) bahut badh jaati hai. Next chapter ke liye tayaar rehna! 😉