Chapter 11: Modals (Must, Ought to, Should, Would)
Yeh Modals generally commitment, necessity (zaroorat), ya shart (condition) batate hain.
1. Must (Strong Obligation & Certainty) 💯
'Must' ka matlab hai **mazboori (strong necessity)** ya jab aap kisi cheez ke hone ke baare mein bilkul **sure** hote hain.
| Feature | Matlab (Hinglish) / Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strong Obligation/Necessity | Rule: Subject + Must + V1 Matlab: Yeh **karna hi hai** (bahut zaroori). |
Tumhe **abhi nikalna chahiye/hoga**. | You must leave now. |
| Certainty/Logical Conclusion | Matlab: Yeh **zaroor hona chahiye** (pakka). | Woh 10 ghante kaam kiya hai, woh **thak gaya hoga**. | He must be tired. |
| Prohibition (Negative) | Rule: Subject + Must not + V1 Matlab: Yeh **nahi karna hai**. |
Tumhe yahan cigarette **nahi peeni chahiye**. | You must not smoke here. |
2. Should (Advice & Recommendation) 💡
'Should' ka matlab hai **salah (advice)** ya **expectation (umeed)**. Yeh 'must' se thoda **kam zor (weaker)** hota hai.
| Feature | Matlab (Hinglish) / Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Advice/Recommendation | Rule: Subject + Should + V1 Matlab: Tumhe yeh **karna chahiye** (sahi rahega). |
Tumhe subah **jaldi uthna chahiye**. | You should wake up up early. |
| Expectation | Matlab: Aisa **hona chahiye** (umeed hai). | Woh **ab tak office pahunch gaya hoga**. | He should be at the office by now. |
3. Ought to (Moral Obligation) 😇
'Ought to' ka matlab almost **'Should' jaisa** hi hota hai, lekin yeh **moral ya ethical duty (naitik zimmedari)** par zyada zor deta hai.
| Feature | Matlab (Hinglish) / Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moral/Right Duty | Rule: Subject + Ought to + V1 Matlab: **Naitik roop se karna chahiye**. |
Hamein apne parents ki **izzat karni chahiye**. | We ought to respect our parents. |
4. Would (Condition, Request, Past Habit) 🤝
'Would' **'Will' ka past form** hai, lekin iske zaroori uses **conditional sentences** aur **polite requests** mein hote hain.
| Feature | Matlab (Hinglish) / Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polite Request | Rule: Would + Subject + V1? Matlab: Kya aap meri **madad karenge**? |
Kya aap thodi chai **lenge**? | Would you like some tea? |
| Conditional Result | Matlab: Agar... **toh hota**. | Agar main rich hota, toh main car **kharidta**. | I would buy a car (if I were rich). |
| Past Habit (Aadat) | Matlab: Bachpan mein **kiya karta tha**. | Main garmiyon mein wahan **jaaya karta tha**. | I would go there in summers. |
5. Perfect Modals (Regret aur Possibility in Past)
Jab Modals ke saath **'have + V3'** lagta hai, toh woh **past ke baare mein baat** karte hain.
| Modal Form | Focus (Hinglish) | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Should Have + V3 | Past Regret (Karna chahiye tha, par **nahi kiya**). | Tumhe uski baat **sunni chahiye thi**. | You should have listened to him. |
| Must Have + V3 | Past Certainty (Past mein **zaroor hua hoga**). | Woh party mein **zaroor gaya hoga**. | He must have gone to the party. |
| Would Have + V3 | Unreal Condition (Shart poori hoti toh **past mein hota**). | Agar tumne call kiya hota, toh main **aa gaya hota**. | I would have come (if you had called). |
🔑 Chapter 11 Takeaway
Modals aapki baat ko **power (Must)**, **politeness (Would)**, aur **correctness (Should)** dete hain. **'Should have'** ka use past ki galti batane ke liye sabse zyada **important** hai. Isko zaroor practice karo! 😉