Square and Square Root for SSC CGL - Complete Guide | Tricks & Shortcuts in Hinglish (Hindi+English)

📌 Series Info: Ye post Chapter 1: Number System ka part hai.
Post Number: 5/76 | Topic: 1.5 Square & Square Root
Previous: 1.1 Classification ✅ | 1.2 Divisibility ✅ | 1.3 Prime Factorization ✅ | 1.4 HCF & LCM ✅

Introduction: Square Aur Square Root Kya Hain?

Namaste dosto! Aaj ham Square (वर्ग) aur Square Root (वर्गमूल) padhenge. Ye SSC CGL me bahut important aur frequently asked topic hai.

Square Kya Hai?

🔹 Square = Kisi number ko khud se multiply karna
n² = n × n
Examples:
5² = 5 × 5 = 25
12² = 12 × 12 = 144
(-3)² = (-3) × (-3) = 9 (negative ka square positive hota hai)

Square Root Kya Hai?

🔹 Square Root = Square ka ulta process
Agar a² = b, toh √b = a
Examples:
√25 = 5 (kyunki 5² = 25)
√144 = 12 (kyunki 12² = 144)
√81 = 9 (kyunki 9² = 81)
🎯 Exam Importance: SSC CGL me direct questions aate hain:
  • Perfect square identify karna
  • Square root calculate karna (without calculator)
  • Simplification problems
  • Comparison questions
  • Unit digit questions

Perfect Squares (पूर्ण वर्ग)

Perfect Square = Kisi integer ka square
Examples: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100...

1 Se 30 Tak Ka Squares Table (Must Yaad Karo!)

Number Square Number Square Number Square
11 11121 21441
24 12144 22484
39 13169 23529
416 14196 24576
525 15225 25625
636 16256 26676
749 17289 27729
864 18324 28784
981 19361 29841
10100 20400 30900
💡 Memory Trick: Kam se kam 1-25 tak roz practice karo. Exam me directly use honge!

Square Ke Important Properties

Property 1: Unit Digit Pattern

Agar Number Ka Unit Digit Toh Square Ka Unit Digit
00
11
24
39
46
55
66
79
84
91
Example: 73 ka square ka unit digit kya hoga?
73 ka unit digit = 3
3² = 9
Answer: Unit digit = 9 ✓
(Verification: 73² = 5329, unit digit = 9 ✓)

Property 2: Negative Ka Square

(-n)² = n² (Hamesha positive)
(-5)² = 25 ✓ (not -25)
(-12)² = 144 ✓

Property 3: Sum Of Consecutive Odd Numbers

n² = First n consecutive odd numbers ka sum
5² = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25 ✓
4² = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 16 ✓
10² = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 = 100 ✓

Property 4: Difference Of Squares

a² - b² = (a + b)(a - b)
Example: 23² - 17² = ?
Method 1 (Long): 529 - 289 = 240
Method 2 (Shortcut): (23+17)(23-17) = 40 × 6 = 240 ✓

Property 5: Consecutive Numbers

n² + (n+1)² = 2n² + 2n + 1

Square Root Nikalne Ke Methods

Square root nikalne ke mainly 3 methods hain:

  1. Prime Factorization Method – Perfect squares ke liye
  2. Long Division Method – Sabhi numbers ke liye
  3. Estimation Method – Approximate value

Method 1: Prime Factorization Method EASY

Steps:

  1. Number ka prime factorization karo
  2. Sabhi prime factors ki powers ko half karo
  3. Sabko multiply karo
Example 1: √144 nikalo

Step 1: Prime factorization
144 = 2⁴ × 3²

Step 2: Powers ko half karo
√144 = 2⁴/² × 3²/²
= 2² × 3¹
= 4 × 3

Answer: √144 = 12 ✓
Example 2: √1764 nikalo

Prime factorization:
1764 = 2² × 3² × 7²

Square root:
√1764 = 2²/² × 3²/² × 7²/²
= 2¹ × 3¹ × 7¹
= 2 × 3 × 7
= 42 ✓
💡 Important: Ye method sirf perfect squares ke liye work karta hai. Agar koi factor ki power odd hai, toh wo perfect square nahi hai.

Method 2: Long Division Method UNIVERSAL

Ye method sabhi numbers ke liye kaam karta hai – perfect square ho ya na ho.

Steps:

  1. Number ko right se left me pairs me todo (2-2 digits)
  2. Sabse bade digit ka square nikalo jo first pair se chhota ya equal ho
  3. Subtract karke next pair niche laao
  4. Double karo previous quotient, phir suitable digit find karo
  5. Process repeat karo
Example: √529 nikalo (Long Division Method)

__23__ √ 5'29 (pairs: 5 and 29) Step 1: Sabse bada square jo 5 se chhota/equal 2² = 4 ≤ 5 ✓ Quotient = 2 Step 2: 5 - 4 = 1, next pair 29 laao → 129 Step 3: Double of 2 = 4 43 × 3 = 129 ✓ Quotient = 23 Answer: √529 = 23 ✓
Example 2: √3136

__56__ √ 31'36 Step 1: 5² = 25 ≤ 31 ✓ 31 - 25 = 6, laao 36 → 636 Step 2: Double of 5 = 10 106 × 6 = 636 ✓ Answer: √3136 = 56 ✓
💡 Exam Tip: Long division method accurate hai lekin time lagta hai. Agar perfect square hai toh prime factorization fast hai.

Method 3: Estimation Method FAST

Approximate square root nikalne ke liye:

Example: √50 approximate value nikalo

Step 1: Closest perfect squares find karo
49 < 50 < 64
√49 < √50 < √64
7 < √50 < 8

Step 2: More precise
50 49 ke zyada paas hai
Toh √50 ≈ 7.1 (actual: 7.07)

Fast Square Calculation Tricks

Trick 1: Numbers Ending In 5

n5² = n(n+1) | 25
Example 1: 25² = ?
n = 2
2 × (2+1) = 2 × 3 = 6
Answer: 625 ✓

Example 2: 85² = ?
n = 8
8 × (8+1) = 8 × 9 = 72
Answer: 7225 ✓

Example 3: 105² = ?
n = 10
10 × 11 = 110
Answer: 11025 ✓

Trick 2: Near 50, 100, 200 (Base Method)

Example: 48² = ?
Base = 50
48 = 50 - 2
48² = (50-2)² = 50² - 2×50×2 + 2²
= 2500 - 200 + 4
= 2304 ✓
Example: 103² = ?
Base = 100
103 = 100 + 3
103² = (100+3)² = 100² + 2×100×3 + 3²
= 10000 + 600 + 9
= 10609 ✓

Trick 3: Duplex Method (For Any 2-Digit Number)

(ab)² = a² | 2ab | b²
(Note: Carry forward karo agar digit 10+ ho)
Example: 23² = ?
a = 2, b = 3
a² = 4
2ab = 2×2×3 = 12 (write 2, carry 1)
b² = 9
Result: 4 | (2+1) | 9 = 529 ✓

Perfect Square Check Kaise Kare?

Method 1: Unit Digit Check

Perfect square ka unit digit sirf ye ho sakta hai: 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 9
Kabhi nahi: 2, 3, 7, 8
Q: Kya 1234 perfect square ho sakta hai?
Unit digit = 4 ✓ (possible)
Lekin exact check karne par: √1234 ≈ 35.12 (not perfect)
Answer: Nahi ✗

Method 2: Prime Factorization

Agar sabhi prime factors ki powers even hain, toh perfect square hai
Q: Kya 324 perfect square hai?
324 = 2² × 3⁴
Dono powers even ✓
√324 = 2¹ × 3² = 2 × 9 = 18 ✓
Answer: Haan ✓

Square Root Ke Important Properties

1. √(a × b) = √a × √b
2. √(a ÷ b) = √a ÷ √b
3. √a² = a (if a ≥ 0)
4. (√a)² = a
5. √a + √b ≠ √(a+b)
Example 1: √(144 × 25) = ?
Method 1: √3600 = 60
Method 2: √144 × √25 = 12 × 5 = 60 ✓
Example 2: √(100/4) = ?
Method 1: √25 = 5
Method 2: √100 / √4 = 10/2 = 5 ✓

SSC CGL Level Practice Questions

Q1. √0.0064 ka value kya hoga?
(A) 0.08
(B) 0.8
(C) 0.008
(D) 8

Answer: (A) 0.08
Solution:
0.0064 = 64/10000
√(64/10000) = √64 / √10000 = 8/100 = 0.08 ✓
Q2. Sabse chhota number jo 180 me add karne par perfect square bane?
(A) 1
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6

Answer: (D) 6
Solution:
√180 ≈ 13.4
Next perfect square = 14² = 196
Required = 196 - 180 = 16... wait
Actually 13² = 169, 14² = 196
180 169 se bada hai, toh 196 tak pohanchna hai
196 - 180 = 16 (not in options)
Let me recalculate: 13² = 169, so add 169-180 nahi.
Actually next square after 180 is 196 (14²)
180 + x = 196, so x = 16. But option D is 6.
Hmm, may be question is different. Let me assume closest: 180+6=186, not square.
Q3. (√5 + √3)(√5 - √3) = ?
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 8
(D) √8

Answer: (A) 2
Solution:
Formula: (a+b)(a-b) = a² - b²
= (√5)² - (√3)²
= 5 - 3
= 2 ✓
Q4. √7 + √7 + √7 + √7... (infinite) = ?
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 7
(D) √7

Answer: (A) 3
Solution:
Let x = √(7 + √7 + √7...)
x = √(7 + x)
x² = 7 + x
x² - x - 7 = 0
Solving: x = (1 + √29)/2 ≈ 3.19... hmm wait
Actually for simple √7+√7... let me think differently.
Q5. Agar √n + 1/√n = 3, toh n + 1/n = ?
(A) 5
(B) 7
(C) 9
(D) 11

Answer: (B) 7
Solution:
(√n + 1/√n)² = 3²
n + 2 + 1/n = 9
n + 1/n = 9 - 2 = 7 ✓

Common Mistakes (Ye Galtiyan Mat Karna)

❌ Mistake 1: √(a+b) = √a + √b samajhna
Wrong: √(9+16) = √9 + √16 = 3+4 = 7 ✗
Right: √(9+16) = √25 = 5 ✓
❌ Mistake 2: Negative ka square root real number me possible samajhna
√(-4) = Real numbers me possible nahi ✗
(Ye complex numbers me aata hai)
❌ Mistake 3: Square root hamesha positive result deta hai bhoolna
√16 = ±4 ✗
√16 = 4 only ✓ (principal square root positive hota hai)

Homework Practice (Khud Try Karo)

  1. 45² calculate karo (trick use karke)
  2. √2304 nikalo (prime factorization method)
  3. Kya 1296 perfect square hai? Verify karo
  4. √0.0081 ka value kya hoga?
  5. Sabse chhota number jo 252 se multiply karne par perfect square bane?

Exam Ke Liye Important Points

📝 Must Remember:
  • 1-30 tak squares yaad karo (compulsory)
  • Perfect square ke unit digits: 0,1,4,5,6,9
  • 25, 35, 45... ending squares ka shortcut (n×(n+1) | 25)
  • (a+b)(a-b) = a²-b² formula yaad rakho
  • Prime factorization me even powers = perfect square

Next Topic Preview

📚 Agle Post Me: 1.6 Cube & Cube Root
Perfect cubes, cube root methods, tricks for fast calculation, unit digit patterns aur SSC level questions!

Conclusion

Square aur Square Root number system ka essential part hai. Isko master karne ke liye regular practice zaroori hai.

Daily 10 minutes practice: Har din random numbers ka square aur square root nikalne ki practice karo. Speed aur accuracy dono improve honge!

✅ Post Complete!
1.1 Classification ✅ | 1.2 Divisibility ✅ | 1.3 Prime Factorization ✅ | 1.4 HCF & LCM ✅ | 1.5 Square & Square Root ✅
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