Chapter 6: The Verb (V1, V2, V3)
Is chapter mein hum Verb forms aur Auxiliary Verbs ko detail mein samjhenge. English sentences ki foundation yahi hai.
1. Verb Kya Hai? (Action Word)
Role: Verb woh word hai jo action (karna) ya state of being (hona) batata hai.
- Action Verbs: Run, eat, study, call.
- State Verbs (Static): Be (is, am, are), seem, know, believe.
2. V1, V2, V3 Forms (Tense ki Buniyad) 🧱
Har verb ke teen mukhya forms hote hain jinhe principal parts kehte hain. Yeh forms batate hain ki action **kab hua (time/tense)**.
| Form | Full Name | Use Kahan Hota Hai? | Example (Hinglish) |
|---|---|---|---|
| V1 | Base Form / Present Form | Simple Present Tense, Future Tense ('will' ke baad), Modals. | I go to work. |
| V2 | Past Simple Form | Sirf Simple Past Tense mein. | I went to work yesterday. |
| V3 | Past Participle Form | Saare Perfect Tenses ('have/has/had' ke baad), Passive Voice. | I have gone to work. |
A. Regular vs. Irregular Verbs
Verbs V2 aur V3 banane ke tareeke par do tarah ke hote hain:
- Regular Verbs: V2 aur V3 banane ke liye -ed lagta hai. (e.g., Play - Played - Played.)
- Irregular Verbs: V2 aur V3 alag hote hain, ya fir badalte hi nahi hain. (e.g., Go - Went - Gone; Cut - Cut - Cut.)
| Action | V1 (Present) | V2 (Simple Past) | V3 (Past Participle) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regular | Call | Called | Called |
| Irregular | Take | Took | Taken |
| Irregular | Write | Wrote | Written |
3. Auxiliary Verbs (Helping Verbs) 🛠️
Yeh woh verbs hain jo main verb ke saath lagkar Tense, Voice, ya Mood banane mein madad karte hain. Yeh teen main hote hain:
A. To Be (Hona)
- Forms: is, am, are (Present), was, were (Past), being, been (Participle).
- Use: Continuous Tenses (V-ing ke saath) aur Passive Voice banane mein.
- Example: He is studying. (Continuous)
- Example: The work was done. (Passive)
B. To Do (Karna)
- Forms: do, does (Present), did (Past).
- Use: Simple Tense mein negative (nahi) aur interrogative (sawal) sentences banane mein.
- Example: I do not like coffee.
- Example: Did you call him?
C. To Have (Paas Hona)
- Forms: have, has (Present), had (Past).
- Use: Perfect Tenses (V3 ke saath) banane mein.
- Example: She has finished the project. (Present Perfect)
- Example: We had eaten dinner. (Past Perfect)
🔑 Chapter 6 Takeaway
Verbs sentences ka engine hote hain. V1, V2, aur V3 forms ko yaad karna bahut zaroori hai. **To Be, To Do, aur To Have** auxiliary verbs hain, aur inka sahi use Tenses ki shuddhta ke liye essential hai. Next chapter ke liye tayaar ho jao! 😉