Chapter 7: Present Tense Ka Pura Khulasa
Present Tense woh hai jo action ka vartamaan (present) samay batata hai. Iske chaar (4) forms hote hain:
1. Simple Present Tense (Habit & Fact)
Yeh action batata hai jo hamesha hota hai, aadat hai, ya universal truth hai.
| Features | Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Routine, Habits, Facts | Rule: Subject + V1 (ya V1 + s/es for He, She, It) | Main har din coffee peeta hoon. | The sun rises in the east. | Aadat (Habits), Sachhai (Facts), aur Daily Routines batane ke liye. |
| Negative Structure | Negative: Subject + do/does not + V1 | Woh yahan nahi rehta hai. | He does not live here. |
2. Present Continuous Tense (Action Right Now)
Yeh action batata hai jo bolte samay (at the moment of speaking) ho raha hai, yaani action jaari hai.
| Features | Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action abhi ho raha hai. | Rule: Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing | Woh TV dekh raha hai. | We are studying English now. | Action jo bolte samay chal raha hai (Action in Progress). |
| Negative Structure | Negative: Subject + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing | Bacha nahi ro raha hai. | The baby is not crying. |
3. Present Perfect Tense (Completed Action with Present Relevance)
Yeh action batata hai jo past mein complete ho gaya, lekin uska asar/result abhi bhi hai.
| Features | Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action just finished ya experience. | Rule: Subject + has/have + V3 | Maine apna kaam kar liya hai. | She has visited London twice. | Action jo past mein hua, par uska result ya experience present se juda hai. |
| Negative Structure | Negative: Subject + has/have + not + V3 | Unhone abhi tak payment nahi di hai. | They have not given the payment yet. |
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Action Started in Past, Still Going)
Yeh action batata hai jo past mein shuru hua aur **abhi tak jaari hai**. Ismein **time duration (for/since)** mention karna zaroori hota hai.
| Features | Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration past se abhi tak. | Rule: Subject + has/have been + V1 + ing | Woh do ghante se phone par baat kar rahi hai. | It has been raining since morning. | Action jo past mein shuru hua aur present mein bhi jaari hai, with a focus on duration. |
| Negative Structure | Negative: Subject + has/have not been + V1 + ing | Main subah se tumhara wait nahi kar raha hoon. | I have not been waiting for you since morning. |
🔑 Chapter 7 Takeaway
Present Tense fluency ki chaabi hai. Yaad rakhiye: Simple (Habit), Continuous (Abhi Ho Raha Hai), Perfect (Khatam Ho Gaya Par Asar Hai), aur Perfect Continuous (Abhi Tak Jaari Hai). In forms ko practice karte raho! 😉