Chapter 8: Past Tense (All 4 Types)
Past Tense woh hai jo action ka beeta hua samay (past) batata hai. Iske bhi chaar (4) forms hote hain:
1. Simple Past Tense (Completed Action in the Past)
Yeh action batata hai jo past mein shuru hua aur past mein hi ek specific time par **khatam ho gaya**.
| Features | Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action past mein finish ho gaya. | Rule: Subject + V2 (Past Simple Form) | Woh kal Dilli gaya. | He went to Delhi yesterday. | Specific action finished in the past. Time can be mentioned (like 'yesterday'). |
| Negative Structure | Negative: Subject + did not + V1 | Humne woh film nahi dekhi. | We did not see that film. |
2. Past Continuous Tense (Action Ongoing in the Past)
Yeh action batata hai jo past mein kisi khaas samay par **jaari (chalu) tha**.
| Features | Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action past mein chalu tha. | Rule: Subject + was/were + V1 + ing | Jab tum aaye, main khana kha raha tha. | I was sleeping at 10 PM. | Action in progress at a specific past time or when another action interrupted it. |
| Negative Structure | Negative: Subject + was/were + not + V1 + ing | Woh us waqt padh nahi raha tha. | He was not studying at that time. |
3. Past Perfect Tense (Action Completed Before Another Past Action)
Yeh do (2) past events mein se **pehle hue event** ko batata hai.
| Features | Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action 1 pehle hi complete ho gaya tha. | Rule: Subject + had + V3 (Past Participle) | Train mere pahunchne se pehle jaa chuki thi. | The match had started before we arrived. | Used to sequence two past events. The 'had + V3' action happened first. |
| Negative Structure | Negative: Subject + had + not + V3 | Maine usse pehle yeh kitaab nahi padhi thi. | I had not read this book before. |
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Duration Before Another Past Action)
Yeh batata hai ki koi action past mein shuru hua aur **doosre past action tak jaari tha** (duration mention karta hai).
| Features | Structure | Example (Hinglish) | Example (English) | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action ki duration jo past mein chalu thi. | Rule: Subject + had been + V1 + ing | Woh subah se wait kar raha tha jab call aaya. | They had been talking for an hour. | Shows the duration of an action that was continuous up to a specific point in the past. |
| Negative Structure | Negative: Subject + had not been + V1 + ing | Main tab tak so nahi raha tha. | I had not been sleeping until then. |
🔑 Chapter 8 Takeaway
Past Tense mein Simple Past (V2) sabse common hai. Lekin, jab aap do past events ko compare karte hain, tab **Past Perfect (had + V3)** ka use karna bahut zaroori ho jaata hai. Rule aur Example ko achhe se samjho! 😉